Kipp free essay sample

Educator With our state funded instruction schools coming up short, there are options offered, for example, private and parochial schools. Another famous unusual instruction framework is a contract school. A contract school is characterized as an assessment upheld school perceived by a sanction between an allowing body (as an educational committee) and an outside gathering (educators and guardians) which works the school without generally nearby and state instructive rules to accomplish objectives set by the organization (Merriam Webster word reference). Notwithstanding, a school’s contract is looked into discontinuously (commonly every three to five years) and can be canceled if rules on educational plan and the board are not observed or if the norms are not met (U. S. Branch of Education 2000). One of the famous contracts is The Knowledge is Power Program otherwise called KIPP. The Knowledge is Power Program was introduced in 1994 with the belief system to make a homeroom that assists understudies with creating capacities that would be important to prevail in school and their vocation. We will compose a custom exposition test on Kipp or then again any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page At last, this way of thinking of instruction was to furnish the understudies with the apparatuses to assemble a superior future for the networks they lived in. Mike Feinberg and Dave Levin, the two authors of the school, fired up their contract in Houston and New York in 1994 and before the turn of the new thousand years, the first sanction schools were among the highest preforming schools in their networks. Mike and Dave combined an association with the prime supporters of Gap Inc. , in the year 2000. This trust was to guarantee that the pioneers of the schools were given adequate preparing to imitate the achievement of the establishing schools. Today, KIPP changed the lives of more than 41,000 understudies in more than 20 states, including Washington, D. C. One of the primary perspectives on this recognized contract school is their promise to greatness for each understudy that strolls into the school. It requires an association among guardians, understudies, and educators that put learning first. Before an understudy can begin at KIPP every one of the three gatherings (The understudy, instructor, and parent) must sign a learning promise called the Commitment to Excellence, which guarantees that each will take the necessary steps to enable the understudy to learn. An understanding fragment of the understudy lead expresses that he/she will consistently work, think, and carry on in the most ideal way they know how, and will take the necessary steps for the understudy and their kindred understudies to learn. (KIPP â€Å"Commitment to excellence†) This guarantees the sanction school has full trust in the understudy to satisfy the objectives and accomplishment set before them. The commitments of the parent incorporate creation sure the understudies schoolwork is finished each night, to have correspondence with the instructors if there is an issue with the understudy and to peruse with their kid. Additionally they should make themselves accessible to their youngster and the school, and raise any worries they may have. With regards to participation they should tell the school why the kid was missing. This responsibility makes the guardians increasingly mindful with regards to the instruction their kid is getting and any changes they wish to scrutinize at the contract. The KIPP schools are effective as I would like to think because of their ‘Five Pillars of Success’ instructive structure, which was the operational standard wherein the school depended on. These five columns include: High Expectations, Choice amp; Commitment, More Time, Power to Lead, and Focus on Results. The primary column, ‘High Expectations’ is one of their methods of reasoning which â€Å"concentrate on clear and assessable exclusive standards for scholarly accomplishment and conduct that come up with no reasons dependent on the understudies foundations. †(KIPP site) Parent’s understudies, educators, and staff create and reinforce a culture of accomplishment and backing through a scope of formal and casual prizes and ramifications for scholarly execution and conduct. The main column empowers the understudies to arrive at a more significant level of emphaticness all through their time at KIPP both all through the study hall. The succeeding column, ‘Choice amp; Commitment’, communicates the commitment of each understudy, instructor and parent to add to the KIPP people group. There is no required pre-essentials to join notwithstanding, everybody must make and maintain a guarantee to the school and to one another to invest the energy and exertion required to make progress. Along these lines of learning and investment makes an understudy who achieves the information on time the board and hard working attitude. The following column, ‘More Time’ is a reasonable exact explanation with respect to the time spent in the homeroom. KIPP has lengthened school days, weeks, and years, where understudies will have additional time in the homeroom. The additional time that is spent teaching the understudies, the more noteworthy bit of leeway they need to get the scholastic information and abilities that will set them up for serious secondary schools and universities. This likewise permits them to take part in extracurricular exercises that could start a differing enthusiasm for different fields. The accompanying pillar,’ Power to Lead’ is pointed towards the principals as opposed to the understudies at KIPP. The principals of KIPP schools are powerful scholastic and authoritative pioneers who comprehend that extraordinary schools require incredible school pioneers. They have authority over their school financial plan and staff. They are likewise allowed to examine their funds or make staffing replacements, permitting them full effectiveness in helping understudies learn. This column places the school and its achievement in the hands of the head and government subsidizing instead of the state engaging with guidelines and money related strategies. The last column, ‘Focus on Results’ determinedly focuses on high understudy execution on state administered tests and other target forms. There is zero-resistance on falling flat. â€Å"I will consistently work, think, and act in the most ideal way I know how, and I will take the necessary steps for me and my kindred understudies to learn. This likewise implies I will finish all my schoolwork consistently, I will call my educators on the off chance that I have an issue with the schoolwork or an issue with coming to class, and I will lift my hand and pose inquiries in class on the off chance that I don't get something. Understudies are relied upon to make progress in the entirety of their examinations that will help them when the opportunity arrives to proceed onward to school and their regarded professions. Insights have indicated that the KIPP schools, explicitly in Washington DC have out preformed with regards to understudy accomplishment, when contrasted with government funded schools. In 2001, a group of devoted instructors set up KIPP DC’s first school, in a congregation storm cellar in Anacostia. The school began with 80 fifth graders and has developed to one of the biggest achieving center schools in the region. Due to Susan Schaeffler (Founder of KIPP DC) accomplishment with her first school, KIPP DC braches out to more than 3,000 understudies at ten schools on three grounds in D. C. ’s Marshall Heights, Anacostia, and Shaw neighborhoods. KIPP schools in Washington D. C and the nation over have been a prime case of the accomplishment in a work in progress networks and have given under-favored understudies the apparatuses they need. One of the essential supporters of this program is Pedro Noguera, a teacher of human science at New York University, is theâ author of â€Å"City Schools and the American Dream†. Pedro states that â€Å"theres no uncertainty to me that contract schools are being utilized to sabotage government funded training in numerous networks, yet its additionally evident that state funded schools in numerous networks are needing change and restoration. The greatest danger to government funded instruction doesnt originate from contract schools; it originates f rom the loss of certainty and backing from parents† (Charter Schools Role in Strengthening Public Education, Pedro Noguera) I concur entire healthily with his announcement. The fundamental issue with our state funded training coming up short is that the guardians don't give enough exertion in supporting their kid through the instruction procedure. This issue is considerably more prominent in a urban setting, where wrongdoing and neediness are on the ascent; in these urban territories, families have less human capital then the individuals who live in a climate neighborhood and battle to get by in today’s economy. In outline, the impacts of destitution on kids matter with respect to understudy accomplishment. Without these sanction schools, kids in urban territories would have to a lesser extent a potential for success to have more significant levels of instructive achievement, in secondary school and school. We need each offspring of America, regardless of what setting they were brought up in, to achieve the information and hard working attitude that will make them fruitful in their vocation for a considerable length of time to come. Socioeconomics don't characterize the accomplishment of a kid, and consistently KIPP is demonstrating that by breaking the principles of downtown insights. As I would like to think KIPP is one of the better options in contrast to the government funded schools. They gave an enthusiastic way to deal with facilitating the requirements of the understudies, and direct them on a pathway to training achievement.

Should the government have a say in what we eat?

Some may state that we need more direction from the administration in what we eat however I oppose this idea. The control our administration has is as of now overpowering the vast majority of o our lives so we as residents ought not need to be constrained into eating anything on the grounds that the oversee meet says as much. We are instructed since the beginning on what has appropriate nourishment and what is he althea. We additionally have the food pyramid to give us what we need in our body framework to f unction all through the day.If individuals see that and don't tail them, it is their decision e and the choices that they are making. In the event that you choose to eat something that is undesirable why and put on weight, it is your obligation to lose that weight once more. In the event that you choose to eat healthy, which can profit you later on in your life, again it is your obligation to keep eat Eng solid and remaining sound. You are the individual who settle on the decisio ns throughout your life and YOU U ought to be the one liable for your activities; not anyone else.There are such a significant number of things that as far as possible us to do; on the off chance that they choose to restrict what sort of food we eat, the tats one more advance towards them constraining us to get things done around in this nation. In spite of the fact that s mother direction in what we eat can be useful to the individuals who are uneducated, the vast majority become familiar with a ND comprehend what is sound and what isn't. In America alone, over % of grown-ups are large.

What Does Medication Tolerance Mean

What Does Medication Tolerance Mean Addiction Drug Use Prescription Medications Print What Does Medication Tolerance Mean? By Michael Bihari, MD Michael Bihari, MD, is a board-certified pediatrician, health educator, and medical writer, and president emeritus of the Community Health Center of Cape Cod. Learn about our editorial policy Michael Bihari, MD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Richard Fogoros, MD on December 17, 2019 Richard N. Fogoros, MD, is a retired professor of medicine and board-certified internal medicine physician and cardiologist. He is Verywells Senior Medical Advisor. Learn about our Medical Review Board Richard Fogoros, MD on December 17, 2019 Terry Vine / Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Prescription Medications Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Medication tolerance, or drug tolerance, occurs when the body gets used to a medication so that either more medication is needed to give the desired effect, or a different medication is needed. Depending on the drug, tolerance can develop acutely, in a manner of days, or chronically, over a number of weeks or months.?? There are several mechanisms behind tolerance, including changes in the metabolism of a drug, cellular changes, or behavioral effects. Tolerance is not always negative, and people may develop a tolerance to the side effects of a drug over time as well. Its important to understand that tolerance is not the same as dependence or addiction, but in the case of substances of misuse, such as some painkillers and alcohol, tolerance can predispose a person to these problems.?? What Is Drug Tolerance? Tolerance is defined as the diminishing effect of a medication following repeated administration at a certain dose. It is often a normal adaptive response to ingested drugs, as the body tries to maintain homeostasis or balance.?? The development of tolerance with a specific drug can vary between different people (there is a genetic influence); with other drugs a person is taking; and with underlying medical conditions that are present. Tolerance also develops at different rates for different effects of the drug. For example, with opioids, people may develop more tolerance to the euphoria caused by the drug than to the respiratory depression caused by the drug. Acute vs. Chronic Tolerance often develops chronically over many weeks but can occur rapidly as well. Tachyphylaxis is the term used to describe the very rapid onset of tolerance, such as that seen after a single dose with cocaine or LSD. Tachyphylaxis also often occurs with antidepressant medications.?? Effects vs. Side Effects As noted above, tolerance may be a negative finding, such as when a drug loses effectiveness over time, but can also be positive, such as when tolerance develops to side effects such as nausea or fatigue. In the case of allergy shots (desensitization), its the development of tolerance thats responsible for the effectiveness of the treatment.?? In some cases, the opposite of tolerance occurs (sensitization), and a drug becomes more effective with repeated use. Tolerance vs. Resistance Resistance also differs from tolerance. With resistance (such as to antibiotics or cancer drugs), resistance develops because bacteria or cancer cells make substances that lead to the drug not working. Tolerance vs. Addiction vs. Dependence The differences between tolerance, dependence, and addiction are important. Many drugs that cause tolerance do have addictive potential, but becoming tolerant does not mean a person is addicted to the drug. Similarly, dependence is defined as the occurrence of withdrawal symptoms when the drug is removed and may occur in the absence of tolerance or addiction.?? Mechanisms There are several different ways in which tolerance to a drug may develop:?? Pharmacodynamic Resistance: In pharmacodynamic, dispositional, or functional tolerance, changes at the cellular level leading to resistance. For example, binding of a drug to a particular receptor on the surface of cells (such as opioid receptors) may fail to cause the signals to be transmitted as in the past, or the body may produce fewer receptors on the surface of cells for the drug to bind with.Metabolic Tolerance: With this mechanism of tolerance, a drug may be broken down and cleared from the body before it reaches its site of action. For example, alcohol can induce the activity of liver enzymes that metabolize the drug.Behavioral or Learned Tolerance: In learned tolerance, people may become accustomed to the effect of a drug. For example, some people who are long-term drinkers can better hold their alcohol, even with the same blood concentration.Conditioned Tolerance: Environmental cues can also lead to tolerance. An example would be a person who routinely drinks at a bar havi ng better eye-hand coordination at the bar than he or she would have at home (after the same number of drinks). Examples of Medication Tolerance Medication tolerance is most often (but not always) related to drugs that affect your body’s brain and nervous system. A few examples include:?? Painkillers such as oxycodoneTranquilizers such as Valium (Diazepam)Over-the-counter sleep aids such as Benadryl (diphenhydramine) Management and Treatment How tolerance is managed depends on the particular drug, what it is being used for, and alternatives that are available. In some cases, increasing the dose may result in the drug working again (though it may also amplify tolerance at that dose).?? If a drug can be discontinued for some time, whats known as a drug holiday, it can often be restarted without tolerance (though tolerance may again occur in time). Tolerance and Cancer Treatment In some settings, such as terminal cancer, apparent tolerance to opioid medications is more often due to worsening cancer (tumor growth or new metastases) rather than tolerance to the drugs. When apparent tolerance occurs, its extremely important to rule out other potential causes of increased pain.?? Even when tolerance occurs, however, issues of possible dependence and addiction are of minor concern. While there is cross-tolerance between different opioids, this is often not complete, and changing to another drug in this class may be helpful. Many of these drugs can also be given at very high doses (there doesnt appear to be a ceiling or maximum dose), and, when increased gradually, there is less concern over problems such as respiratory depression. Tolerance and Substances of Misuse When a person first consumes a potential substance of misuse, be it alcohol, opioids or nicotine, the effects are more potent than they ever will be again. On repeated administration of this drug, a person needs larger and larger amounts to feel any desired effects thus setting up a vicious cycle of abuse, dependence, and withdrawal.  The phenomenon of needing more drugs to produce the desired effect is called tolerance.  ?? Cross-Over When a person becomes tolerant of a certain  central nervous system (CNS) depressant like alcohol, then this person usually becomes tolerant of other drugs of misuse like heroin.?? (Technically, opioids like heroin arent CNS depressants although they have depressant properties.) This phenomenon is called cross-tolerance. Dangers Tolerance can be particularly dangerous for several reasons. When tolerance develops to a different degree to different effects, the risk of overdose can be significant. This is a tragic problem with the opioid epidemic, as tolerance develops more quickly to the euphoric properties of these drugs than to the respiratory depressive properties.?? Switching between different medications in a category also raises the risk of complications. As noted, cross-over can vary, and people who switch off between drugs such as heroin, codeine, morphine, and others, may end up taking a higher dose than they had planned if there is less tolerance to the next drug. For those in recovery, tolerance can be dangerous in another way. Tolerance often decreases with time off of a drug. If a person who has been abstinent from the drug for a period of time resumes his previous level of use, a life-threatening overdose may occur.?? Finally, many abused substances are combined with other drugs for which physiological tolerance does not develop. For example, opioids may be combined with Tylenol (acetaminophen). While tolerance may develop to higher doses of the narcotic so that respiratory depression does not occur, an excess of Tylenol (even just a small excess) from products such as Vicodin (hydrocodone plus acetaminophen) could lead to liver failure. Differences in Tolerance and Susceptibility to Dependence Certain people exhibit a rapid acute tolerance or initial tolerance to a drug. These people may be at higher risk of drug dependence or substance misuse. What to Do If You Are Concerned About Tolerance If you feel that you may be experiencing tolerance to any substance of misuse, its extremely important to inform your physician and get help. Substance misuse and drug dependence can have terrible and deadly personal consequences for you, your loved ones and society as a whole. Please remember that there are health care professionals and support groups that specialize in drug treatment and are empathetic to your needs. Support in your region can be found by zip code in the  behavioral health treatment services locator hosted by the U.S. government.

The Problem Of A Economic Crisis - 2657 Words

The aim of this report is to understand what happened globally in economy for the last 7 years in order to build an affective and precise managerial strategy for Global Hotel in to generate profitability and create a successful business. What is the meaning of crisis and economic recessions? Business Dictionary is defining crisis as â€Å"a situation in witch an economy experiences a sudden downtown brought on by a financial crisis† (BusinessDictionary.com, 2014). The major sign of an economic crisis is the falling of GDP, the drying up of liquidity and rising or falling of prices generated by inflation or deflation. One form of economic crisis is the recession. The National Bureau of Economic Research is defining economic recessions as a significant decline in economic activity spread across the economy, lasting more than a few months, normally visible in real gross domestic product (GDP), real income, employment, industrial production and wholesale-retail sales. More specifically, recession is defined as when businesses cease to expand, the GDP diminishes for two consecutive quarters, the rate of unemployment rises and housing prices decline.† (Morah, 2009) The reasons of world recession? The actual economic crisis were starting in 2008 with a financial crisis that had spread though the USA and became quickly almost global, affecting world economy. David Kotz, considered that world economy faced not just a severe economic and financial crisis, but structural, neoliberalShow MoreRelated A Cultural Problem, an Economic Crisis1099 Words   |  5 PagesIn the past two years, Western society has experienced what many of its leaders have called the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression. At the very least, it has been the worst period of instability that our younger generations have ever seen in their lifetimes. But unlike other financial crises that have largely been triggered by external forces, such as the oil embargoes of the 1970’s, this latest one was a product of our own internal policies and practices; even more so, of our culturalRead MoreEssay on Government Actions to Prevent Economic Crises1695 Words   |  7 Pagesrole of the State in overcoming economic crises. Although government intervention in the matters of a fair free-market is not entirely consistent with the doctrine of economic liberalism which has been today vindicated as a necessity in a free society, in practical terms, it is impossible for the government to be not involved in something so intrinsic to the over-all well being of its subjects. But what can the government do to get the country out of an economic slump? What many governmentsRead MoreEu s Action Regarding The Syrian Refugee Crisis1641 Words   |  7 Pages Despite Luxembourg being the smallest member of the European Union, it is very vocal about its concerns regarding the Syrian refugee crisis since Schengen infringes of their sovereignty. However, Luxembourg is also the wealthiest and may be able to help provide for the Syrians. Luxembourg is very critical of the EU’s action regarding the Syrian refugee crisis. Luxembourg has offered to take in 400 refugees in the coming years (Turner). This is a small number compared to the amounts the other MemberRead MoreWhat Is Economic Crisis?1474 Words   |  6 Pagesrepercussions of the economic crisis are not going to disappear in the short What is economic crisis? * An economic crisis is A situation in which the economy of a country or countries experiences a sudden downturn brought on by a financial crisis. A financial crisis is a situation when money demand quickly rises relative to money supply. Until a few decades ago, a financial crisis was equivalent to a banking crisis. Today it may also take the form of a currency crisis. Many economists haveRead MoreA Review On Currency Devaluation1120 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Imagine you are in charge of economic policy in your country. Inflation starts to creep up. The value of your currency is losing ground which is making the debt you incurred even greater. Now your GDP is affected as you struggle, trying to figure out the best response for both short term and long term economic health. This is what Argentina faced in the late 1900’s after many decades of prosperity. 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The author of this book, Paul Davidson discussed the possible problems that may arrived and what are theRead MoreFinancial Crisis Of A Single Country1671 Words   |  7 Pages Table of Contents Summary 2 Financial crisis 3 Impact of financial crisis 4 Effect of financial crisis on different on the economies of different countries 5 Mathematical problems 6 Conclusiom 8 References ..................................................................................................................................................9 Summary Financial crisis has long been a part of global economic recession throughout the history. Here, the purpose of this assignmentRead MoreGreece : A Developed Country Of Europe Essay1720 Words   |  7 Pagesof national economic output in 2015(CIA Factbook,2015). As a developed country in the world Greece is enriched with high human capital in human development index (Human Development Index, 2014).But despite of being developed country Greece is much struggling with a great economic depression for high and unsustainable level of public debt (Nelson M., Belkin P ,Mix E., 2011). Evaluation of the financial crisis: The concept of neo-liberalism introduced by the UK and the USA for economic liberalizationRead MoreEconomic Crisis: Effects on the Economy1486 Words   |  6 PagesRunning Head: ECONOMIC CRISIS: EFFECTS ON THE ECONOMY 2 Abstract The United States is obviously in a state of economic despair. This essay has supporting facts that prove the economy is definitely not on the mend. The public has been led to believe that this downward spiral is almost over. What will be proven in this paper is that foreclosure rates are still dramatically increasing and that the total in unemployment rates is deceiving. Without more jobs, consumersRead MoreThe Collapse of the Domino --- Chinese Real Estate1206 Words   |  5 Pagesof the U.S. financial crisis in 2008, the whole worlds financial situation is not good, but except one, which is China. However, many people find out that China is walking on the old U.S. economic way, which means China will have economic crisis either. So right now, all the eyes from all the countries are watching at China’s economy, because if Chinese economic collapse, there are no more people buy Japanese animations and European luxuries. And after the economic crisis, China will recovery U

The Effects Of Stigma On Functioning On Bipolar Disorder...

The Impact of Stigma on Functioning in Bipolar Disorder Patients Bipolar disorder, also known as manic depression, is a mood disorder that requires careful medication management during a patient’s lifetime (Halter, 2014, p. 227). Bipolar disorder is described as recurrent episodes of mood changes ranging from mania to irritability to depression (Halter, 2014, p. 228). Periods of normal functioning are also recurrent with mood shifts. Often times bipolar disorder goes undiagnosed for many years which is linked to undesirable outcomes such as suicide (Halter, 2014, p. 227). On the other hand, many patients with a definite diagnosis report denying their illness because of the stigma that is associated with mood disorders (Thome, Dargel, Migliavacca, Potter, Jappur, Kapczinski, Cereser, 2011) . Perceived stigma is an attribute that devalues or discriminates against a human being because of their mental illness (Pedneault, 2014). Stigmatizing attitudes can negatively impact on th e patients psychosocial functioning, behavior tendencies and cognitive function. Research Appraisal I chose to do an article relating to bipolar disorder patients, because I have come into contact with numerous patients with both Bipolar I and Bipolar II diagnoses in clinical this semester and I enjoy speaking with them and listening to their stories. I have witnessed them at both at high’s and low’s and I am intrigued to learn about different experiences and stigma that have affected theirShow MoreRelatedThe Stigma Associated With Bipolar Disorder1448 Words   |  6 PagesLiving with Bipolar Disorder The stigma associated with bipolar disorder is unacceptable. The purpose of this paper is to improve the readers ability to understand what bipolar disorder is and how being diagnosed with this disorder affects all facets of daily living. Family, friends and associates of individuals with bipolar disorder are often affected as well. As a result of the stigma associated with the disorder, the effects remain: often multiplied by individuals that have a limited understandingRead MoreBipolar And Related Disorders : Symptoms And Treatment Of Bipolar Disorder1669 Words   |  7 PagesBipolar and related disorders are lifelong perplexing mental illnesses that are difficult to diagnose and treat. Bipolar illness is a chronic shifting of extreme euphoria (mania) and deep sadness or hopelessness (depressive) episodes, complicated by comorbidities and the potential for poor health outcomes. The occurrence of bipolar disorder (BD) throughout the adult population in the United States is reported to be approximately 5.7 million people each year, with a lifetime prevalence of 3.9 percentRead MoreBipolar Disorder, By Stephen Fry1327 Words   |  6 PagesBipolar Disorder This case study is about Stephen Fry, who suffers from bipolar disorder. Fry wanted to tell the world about bipolar disorder, how it affects the people who has to live with it and the people around them, and how it feels for him dealing with bipolar disorder. What I Learned Watching this case study taught me how people try to deal with having bipolar disorders and how it works or does not work. For me, it was shocking how much it takes for someone to be diagnosed with bipolarRead MoreThe Relationship Between Mental Illness And Violence1066 Words   |  5 Pagesor violent tendencies. This stigma tends to be particularly strong when applied to people with bipolar disorder, which very often is misunderstood by others. Topic #16 from the list of suggestions, asks two questions: are people who are diagnosed manic-depressive/bipolar often violent, and what effects did Jamison’s violent outward behavior have on her? This research reflection paper intends to answer these questions, by explaining the association between bipolar disorder and violence, as well as providingRead MoreMental Health Disorders And Its Effects On Children And Society1626 Words   |  7 PagesRelated issues Mental health disorders such as bipolar disorder and ADHD creates a burden on affected children and society at large. Commonly identified issues include financial impact on the family, effect of the illness on the child, social issues, occupational and academic functioning, racial impact, effects on family, stigma of the illness, suicide, economic burden on society, role of healthcare providers and cultural issues. Role of religion Whenever a child is diagnosed with a mental illnessRead MoreMental Illness And Psychiatric Disability Essay1406 Words   |  6 Pagesdisability, using bipolar disorder as an example to illustrate these points. Bipolar disorder will also be used to explain the concepts of the medical and social models of disability, highlight the influence these two models could have on people with the disorder and the experiences they might encounter. There will be a focus on some of the experiences a person suffering from mental illness might have in society, the effect these experiences can have on an individual and the influence of stigmas and stereotypesRead MoreMental Illness And Its Effects On Society1405 Words   |  6 Pagesnothing to be ashamed of, but stigma and bias shame us all.† Mental illness comes with multiple influences towards the daily life of an individual. On one hand, these individuals must try to manage the symptoms that arise with their disease. Mental health disord ers can affect the way individuals perform at their jobs, their social life, and even being able to live alone (Corrigan Penn, 1997). On the other hand, the way society tends to view mental illnesses leads to stigma and discrimination, unreasonablyRead MoreThe Social Discourse Of Bipolar Disorder1643 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscourse of bipolar disorder is often punctuated by the classic manic episodes manifesting as symptoms such as distractibility, pressured speech, decreased need for sleep, euphoric mood, grandiosity, and problems with impulse control [17]. These classic periods of high energy are often intertwined in a cyclical fashion with periods of depressive symptoms, much of the time meeting criteria for major depressive disorder, as well as periods with no symptoms [17]. The frequency by which a patient moves throughRead MoreBipolar Disorder And Nursing : Bipolar Disorders1348 Words   |  6 PagesDellisa Gordon Clinical Symposium April 27, 2016 Bipolar Disorder and Nursing The central focus of this paper will be Bipolar disorder and how it relates to nursing. Bipolar disorder can be classified into two sections: bipolar I and bipolar II. Bipolar I involves periods of potentially unprovoked mood swings from mania to depression (Joseph Goldberg, 2014). Bipolar II is a less harsh form of mood elevation, causing milder episodes of hypomania that may alternate with spurts of deep depressionRead MoreAbnormal Psychology: Bipolar Disorder1275 Words   |  6 PagesBipolar Disorder Mental illness has plagued human kind for as long as we have been on this earth. The science of psychology has made great strides in past century. The stigma of being mentally ill has begun to fall away and people are finally starting to get the help that they need to recover. Bipolar disorder is one illness that we have come to more fully understand. Through assistance from a psychiatrist, family and medication a patient with bipolar disorder can enter remission and

Unforgettable Teacher Free Essays

Asma Ahmed Hassan 200600140 Engl 285 Time; 1:00_1:50 P. M An unforgettable teacher Thorough my educational life there were many teachers or lecturers I cannot forget them. In whole my life I will remember them and wish to them they be in a good condition and they will continue their massage witch is helping people to improve, rises them knowledge and helping the students to be better persons. We will write a custom essay sample on Unforgettable Teacher or any similar topic only for you Order Now For them they see the education process must includes fun, educate and acting. From all teachers I ever had there is one teacher I can’t forget her. She was my angel in the earth, she was always encouraged me when I was tired from study and can’t handle it any more. Miss Susan was have the whole qualities of good teacher such as Confidence, Patience, True compassion for their students and The ability to look at life in a different way and to explain a topic in a different way. at my university, more teachers continued their influence on my life, and many of them have enjoyed long teaching careers. Several have retired, but several are still hard at it with the current crop of students. In the 8:00 A. M all the students waits for her to come in their sits. He is nothing but our English lecturer Miss Susan. She is about 6. 5 feet tall, thin woman. She dresses herself in informally. She has a good hair style blond like wave’s . she is a pretty woman too. Her classes are so interesting. All the students get involved to listen to his classes without any sound or side talking. We never miss any class we have with Miss Susan. She is very friendly, polite, and casual. She is hailed by many students here and there. â€Å"Hello! † â€Å"Hi! † â€Å"Nice to see you! † Whenever she comes across anyone he knows, she always says hello to them first, wearing a big smile, whether or not they are older or younger than her. In this society where many people often pass by without greeting each other, seeing her might be like seeing an oasis in a desert. I remember my first day in the classes of my University, miss Susan said that day this to me; ‘My mission is to experience life through†¦teaching others, am not here to teach you things you doesn’t useful for you, in matter of fact, you will teach me something and I will teach you something back’ she believe that the process of education should be alternate. That is in short way my unforgettable teacher made of. ( How to cite Unforgettable Teacher, Papers

The Pollution Caused by Cruise Ships Essay Example

The Pollution Caused by Cruise Ships Paper These ships carry up to 3,000 passengers who spend enormous amounts of money at tourist locations around the world. It is estimated that millions of dollars are generated and placed into the tourism markets annually. This is great news for local communities that depend on the cruise ship industry in order to survive, however it is bad news when it comes to the environment. Cruise ships create a massive amount of waste which ends up polluting our water ways and sending vast levels of pollutants into the air as well. These large ships typically produce around 170,000 gallons of waste water, 21 ,OHO gallons of sewage, 6,400 gallons of bilge water, and 1 ton of solid waste per day ((Brooks ; Dunn, 2012). Unfortunately, these waste products are dumped into our oceans, seas, rivers, and lakes. There are numerous laws, regulations, and guidelines to prevent such things from happening but most of the cruise ship operations have found a way to work around them. They understand that states such as Alaska and Washington prohibit dumping of waste materials in their waters. The cruise ship corporations have taken advantage of the relaxed laws of places like British Columbia (B. C. ) which for the most part allows them to release their waste products into their water areas. This presents a dilemma for the cruise ship industry because they ultimately have to decide between making a profit and being environmentally sound. Corporations such as the cruise ship industry have an ethical responsibility to et all environmental regulations and laws regardless of where they are sailing. We will write a custom essay sample on The Pollution Caused by Cruise Ships specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Pollution Caused by Cruise Ships specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Pollution Caused by Cruise Ships specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Corporations have an obligation to the general public and that includes making sure they are meeting standards set forth by the government. Environmental groups have a major influence on the general public and can create enough pressure where the reputation of a company is tarnished and sales start to decrease. It would be to a corporations advantage to show the general public that it is going above and beyond meeting environmental needs regardless of the rules in a particular country, Tate, etc. When sailing in international waters cruise ships should go by the strictest of all guidelines. Ethically, a corporation should set the standard for all others to follow. They cant allow relaxed rules to be an excuse for creating environmental damage. The general public would feel betrayed to learn that a company built on having good, clean, vacation fun is in fact dirtying up the water ways. Coos of such corporations should exercise due care and professional skepticism. They should ask how my actions will affect the water ways in the future. In addition, executives should question the rules of other countries and do everything in their power not to take advantage of weak laws. Rot cities depend on tourism to generate revenue within their communities. It is of the most importance to balance the needs of tourism against the needs of maintaining an environmentally safe society. Compromise is essential in the effort to reduce as much waste going into our waters as possible. These tourist destinations should always work with the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency to develop reas onable plans that can e accomplished slowly in order to prevent pollution now and in the future. It is understood that cruise ships will always have waste products to get rid of so decisions should be based on what is good for the environment not solely on tourism. The responsibility to maintain a clean and healthy environment is up to everyone. Corporations have a major responsibility as well because they can influence the thoughts, ideas, and beliefs of the average citizen. If a major corporation promotes the idea of improving air and water quality then it can influence the actions of other corporations. The cruise ship industry is in the position to set the standards for all to follow. They have the ability to show others that no matter the location or circumstances that a standard set of rules should always be followed. They should not let profit get in the way of doing the right thing. In the long run doing what is expected is more important than profit. The general public would accept a rise in ticket prices for a cruise if they were informed that it is because of the environmental rules they are trying to follow. Profit is the main goal of any organization, but it should not come at the expense of peoples health and well being. If the proper research is conducted and coordination between countries is established then it should be no reason why environmental needs should not be met. The general public is the first priority of corporations and every effort Of compromise should be attempted.

How to answer, Why do you want to work here

How to answer, Why do you want to work here Sometimes the most obvious interview questions are the toughest. You prep and prep for the job of your dreams and do all the right things- meticulously tailor your resume and cover letter, carefully follow the steps involved in the application process, wait patiently for a response and, if you’re lucky, get invited to an interview and come face-to-face with the hiring manager. At some point in the conversation, they ask â€Å"Why do you want to work here?† And†¦ you freeze. This can be the question that separates the serious contenders from the unprepared. It is often among the first to be asked during an interview, which means it may be your chance to make a great first impression. It’s what’s known as an â€Å"open-ended question,† which means that rather than seeking a single-word â€Å"yes or no† answer, the interviewer is looking for a more thoughtful, in-depth, and carefully considered response. So, step one: take this question ser iously and prepare for it in advance of the interview. Use the following strategies to help you craft a response that will put you in good standing during your next job hunt.Demonstrate your passionThe truth is, your answer to every question on an interview should demonstrate your passion and enthusiasm for the position and for the notion of joining the company and team; your answer to this question should be no different. Hiring personnel are looking for driven candidates who are excited to come on board to this job, not just any job.  You’ll want to convey that you have the energy and motivation to potentially lead, innovate, and move the needle in a positive way. Is this you? If so, then make sure your answer details specifically why you want the exact job available.Are you passionate about the company? Do your research and be prepared to explain why. Make sure your response demonstrates that you have an in-depth of knowledge of both the industry as a whole and the speci fic company you’re applying to. Although companies are aware that there will invariably be an onboarding and training period to get new hires up to speed and fully prepared to handle all of their new responsibilities, hiring personnel are much more apt to consider candidates who already bring in a wealth of experience and an understanding of how the business operates.Explain why you’re a good fitYour reasoning for why you want to work at a company should include why you’re a â€Å"good fit† for them. Hiring personnel these days are looking for candidates who aren’t just qualified and look good â€Å"on paper†- they want to hire folks who will fit in well with their existing teams and into their culture. When preparing for an interview, be sure to do your homework to get a good sense of a company’s culture (social media and corporate websites are excellent sources of information); then, when you’re on the interview, try your bes t to give the impression that you’ll blend in well.Sell your skill setIt never hurts when answering a question to take the opportunity to demonstrate why the skills you bring to the table can translate to task effectiveness and potential success on the job; consider working into your response that your background and skills will make you great at the job (as long as you do it strategically and avoid sounding like a boasting broken record).Come ready with examples of how you’ve excelled with those skills in past jobs. Love that you’ll be working with people? Tell a specific story about a time you shined with a customer and how happy it made you. Excited to crunch numbers all day? Talk about how your love for spreadsheets has made you a whiz your whole professional life.Discuss how you can help fill their needsSure, there are lots of things you hope to get from a company if and when they hire you, but this shouldn’t be the focus of your messaging on an inte rview. Instead, the reverse should be your â€Å"main message†- how you can help address and fill the needs of the company that you want to hire you. Therefore, when answering this question, make sure your response includes why you’re in the perfect position to benefit them, not yourself. Ultimately, you want them to know that hiring you will be the best decision for their company. Your job is to convince them that hiring you will be the best decision they can make.

Five Tips for Landing Business Clients as a Writer

Five Tips for Landing Business Clients as a Writer The definition of writer can be a narrow view (â€Å"I write only women’s fiction†) to a broad view (â€Å"I use words any way people need me to†). I quickly learned to embrace the latter when I took the freelance plunge two and a half years ago, because, frankly, only pitching editors wasn’t adding up to my monthly income goals. This approach has led to a wide variety of contracts: website copy, blogs, social media posts, newsletters, emails, press releases, descriptions for online directories and more. With this approach, I was able to triple my income from 2012 in 2013. Here are five ways you, too, can land writing gigs for businesses that need content now more than ever in this fast-paced, online-heavy life. 1. Create a list of every business you’ve ever written about.Have you interviewed business owners for any of your articles? Then these folks are great people to pitch your other writing services to. Start your email 2. Make a list of businesses you’d like to write for, and pitch them.  Pitching a business owner is not that different from pitching an editor. You introduce yourself and share a couple of ideas, then follow up in a week or two. Start with flattery just like you would an editor, but instead of writing, â€Å"I loved this recent article,† say, â€Å"I love your wine† or whatever product/service they provide. Flattery works. 3. Seek businesses that do not have a blog or newsletter.Content is needed now more than ever, and if a business isn’t blogging or writing a newsletter to their fans, they are missing out on some major benefits. Offer to write one blog or newsletter for free to get your foot in the door, and share some stats about the power of blogging like this article, â€Å"Top Blogging Statistics: 45 Reasons to Blog.† 4. (Gently) point out a flaw in their online presence.Are they posting to Facebook three times a day? Do they still not have a Twitter, Pinterest, or Instagram account? Do they have a dismal online listing score on getlisted.org? Be friendly and flattering at first, but then point out the hole in their online marketing that you’ve found and offer to fill it. I’ve landed several clients this way. 5. Don’t be scared to try something new. Business owners need all kinds of support, so don’t shy away from opportunities that might involve tasks that aren’t necessarily writing related. I once ran a usability testing session for a new tech startup and had absolutely no idea what that even was up until two weeks before I led the group through the developing website. I’ve also taken more photos than I care to remember for social media even though I don’t consider myself a stellar photographer. But you learn as you go and take on each new challenge with professionalism, which will help you establish a great reputation and eventually get businesses seeking you out instead of you constantly hustling for more work. Good luck and tweet me with any questions at @ShawndraRussell.

Character analysis of Christian Darling in The Eighty-Yard Run short Essay

Character analysis of Christian Darling in The Eighty-Yard Run short story - Essay Example Darling marries Louise Tucker, his beautiful college girlfriend, and moves to New York. He works for his wealthy father-in-law, an ink manufacturer, who commits suicide after the Crash of 1929. Louise goes on to become a successful magazine editor. On the other hand, Darling is unable to find his way out of the changed circumstances of his life. He admits that he is a failure. The story is built round Darling’s and Louise’s contrasting attitudes towards life. Darling’s characterization is the main thread of the narrative and the action of the story revolves round it. â€Å"The Eighty-Yard Run† details how Darling’s personality ruins his marital relationship and leads to his acceptance of failure at the age of thirty-five. The characteristic trait of Darling’s personality is his immaturity and his refusal to adapt to new circumstances. Darling’s failure in life is due to his immaturity and resistance to change. Darling demonstrates a very immature attitude towards life. He is childishly pleased with his ‘eighty-yard run’ and imbues it with undue importance. He recalls â€Å"feeling wonderful,† ---â€Å"listening to the applause and shouts of the students along the sidelines† (Shaw, Year, 1-4). He basks in the congratulations, the fussing of the managers and the captain’s approving forecast: â€Å"Darling, youre going to go places in the next two years† (Shaw, Year, 2-1). He imagines his entry onto the field in the coming game against Illinois, confident that, when the spectators cheered, â€Å"part of that enormous salute would be for him† (Shaw, Year, 2-5). He is very smug about his run and boasts to Louise, â€Å"I got the coach in the palm of my hand† (Shaw, 3-2). His ‘eighty-yard run’ gives him a passing fame with the college crowd, and he is complacently aware of being â€Å"an important figure† on campus (Shaw , 3-9). As a matter of fact, Darling’s brilliant run occurs only at a practice session. It moves him from being a second

Health and Saftey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Health and Saftey - Essay Example 1910 par.65 (5), p.557; par.58, p.552). The rationale behind the law is that in the event of an emergency the operator may immediately shut the system down. 2. The control for the bridge and trolley cannot be placed on any wall or fixed surface. The law prescribes that it must be located in a way that the operator can readily face the direction of travel ([v] p.557). This would require the creation of a control panel placed directly facing or fronting the work area. This will provide the operating personnel safety from any falling hazards while allowing visibility to perform the operation (Lockheed). Several toggle on and off switches will be used if the team decides to use such a switch. The speed of the bridge and trolley will be divided into two. Thus setting a minimum speed and a maximum speed. This is necessary because when operating the bridge and trolley it is advised to always use the minimum speed only. 3. The control for the hoist may be by pendant push-button, rope control or any mechanism ([v]p.556). There is no restriction as long as the safety of the operator will be of prime consideration. I would recommend the use of Radio Control Systems or a Remote Control Box (Telemotive Engineered SLTX Transmitter). The Operator can work at the safest location without having to use a pendant control. There is also no restriction of a fixed-length pendant cable. Its transmitter has a two step push button which allows easy and precise control (R&M Materials Handling). In hoisting, the toggle on and off controls cannot be used because what is required is several break controls that must be calculated and exact. It requires stops for break, lower and hold. Considerations also as to the weight and speed of lifting is also one factor that makes the toggle on and off switch inappropriate for use. 4. For additional safety, the inclusion of an emergency

Essay on Differences in Men and Women in Story of an Hour

The Story of an Hour - Differences in Men and Women Kate Chopin's "The Story of an Hour" appears merely to explore a woman's unpredictable reaction to her husband's assumed death and reappearance, but actually Chopin offers Mrs. Mallard's bizarre story to reveal problems that are inherent in the institution of marriage. By offering this depiction of a marriage that stifles the woman to the point that she celebrates the death of her kind and loving husband. Chopin challenges her readers to examine their own views of marriage and relationships between men and women. Each reader's judgment of Mrs. Mallard and her behavior inevitably stems from his or her own personal feelings about marriage and the influences of societal expectations. Readers of differing genders, ages, and marital experiences are, therefore, likely to react differently to Chopin's startling portrayal of the Mallards' marriage, and that certainly is true of my response to the story compared to my father's and grandmother's responses. Marriage often establishes boundaries between people that make them unable to communicate with each other. The Mallards' marriage was evidently crippled by both their inability to talk to one another and Mrs. Mallard's conviction that her marriage was defined by a "powerful will bending hers in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature." Yet she does not recognize that it is not just men who impose their will upon women and that the problems inherent in marriage affect men and women equally. To me, Mrs. Mallard is a somewhat sympathetic character, and I appreciate her longing to live ou... ...o relate more easily to her predicament and are quicker to exonerate her any of responsibility for her unhappy situation. Conversely, male readers are more likely to feel compassion for Mr. Mallard, who loses his wife for reasons that will always remain entirely unknown to him. Older readers probably understand more readily the strength of social forces and the difficulty of trying to deny societal expectations concerning gender roles in general and marriage in particular. Younger readers seem to feel that Mrs. Mallard is too passive and that she could have improved her domestic life immeasurably if she had taken the initiative to either improve or end her relationship with her husband. Ultimately, how each individual reader responds to Mrs. Mallard's story reveals his or her own ideas about marriage, society, and how men and women communicate with each other

Audio Visual Technology Essay

When it comes to distance education in middle school, some may think that it is irrelevant for children to learn outside of the classroom. Personally, I believe that distance education is important at every level of school. In middle school, it would be appropriate for students to experience distance education, by requiring your class to log into a class chat room on the weekend, or at a particular time after the normal class hours and discussing the lesson for the day or the week. Also, as the instructor, you can post a topic on a personalized blog, and open it to your student to leave their opinion, or answer certain questions on the blog. These methods, in my opinion, are beneficial for students to explore the many different technologies readily available to them. With every benefit, there can be some limitations. One limitation concerning distance learning is the fact that if a problem was to arise or occur, the teacher would not physically be there to assist and guide the student. A situation like this could result in the student missing out on the assignment or lecture and possibly earning a failing grade. I believe that distance learning is appropriate for middle school students because it teaches them the importance of responsibility. It allows children to think responsibly and complete work on their own without the direct guidance of their teacher. Question 2. The message is the information, attitude, skill, or strategy that we deliver to the students in the classroom. The medium is the tool used in communicating information to the students in your classroom. The method is the way of getting the message across to the students. The message is what is given by the instructor, for someone else, typically the students in your classroom to learn. This message can include words, actions, and in many cases, signals. The message is important in the learning environment because it is what needs to be taught to your students. Teachers must make sure that the message is refined, focusing and compelling to the different types of learners in the classroom. Also, the message must be appropriate for the specific age group of students in your classroom. Using multimedia in your classroom in beneficial because it keeps the interest of the students in your class, as well as it motivates them to become discovery learners. When a teacher uses different types of multimedia in the classroom, it helps to reach the different types of learners that may be in the class. In order for the students to truly understand the information that is being relayed, the method in which it is delivered must be engaging and needs to revolve around the way that the students learn best. For example, some of the students in your classroom may be visual learner, while others may be auditory learners. In order for you to effectively get your message across for the lesson that you are teaching, you may want to present the class with a power point presentation which also has voices and sounds incorporated. Also, another way may be to present the class with an instructional video in order to get the message across. The 3M’s are very important when instructing your class because it ensures that your students are effectively gaining and understanding the knowledge that you are communication to them. Question 3. In today’s society, technology and the different types of media are forever evolving. The incorporation of technology is very important in education, in my opinion, because it motivates students to learn, and engages the student with the lesson that is being taught. Technology and media can be a resource to facilitate instructional strategies in many different ways. For example, a teacher may require her students to use a computer to browse the internet for research on a class project. Another way that technology and media can be used to facilitate instructional strategies is by allowing the student to take notes from a presentation through power point, instead of traditionally taking notes from the black board. Some instructors may have their class view a video on YouTube, in order to give the class a better understanding of a particular subject. These different ways of facilitating instructional strategies are important, in my opinion because they will help students in the classroom with different learning styles to fully understand the information and instruction that is being delivered by the teacher. Question 6. An instructional setting in which I would implement the use of multimedia would be inside of my kindergarten classroom. In order to get my class prepared for a very special trip to the National Aquarium in Downtown Baltimore, MD, I would, first create a weekly lesson plan for my five and six year old students. The daily lesson plans would review the different wild life that could be found at the aquarium. I would allow the students to view videos online of the different habitats the animals and mammals live in. This will give my students the understanding that the animals are not originally from the aquarium, but in fact from different wild life around the world. Also, I would allow the student so play different computer games which would help them to gain better knowledge of the animals they will view at the aquarium. By playing different computer game, the student will learning about different animals and mammals while having fun playing computer games that they are familiar with. Another form of technology that I would implement in my kindergarten class would be different interactive transparencies, in which the class as a whole can view, identify, and label together. For example, the instruction might include the student matching the correct mammal with the correct habitat. Before the actual trip would have even taken place, the students in my kindergarten class would have met the initial objective, which in this case, would be the understanding and the gaining of knowledge of the different animals and mammals in different habitats around the world. My reason for choosing the types of media list is easily accessible by me the teacher, and it is already familiar to the student in my kindergarten class.

Karyo- or Caryo- Biology Prefixes and Suffixes

The prefix (karyo- or caryo-) means nut or kernel and also refers to the nucleus of a cell. Examples Caryopsis (cary-opsis): fruit of grasses and grains that consists of a single-celled, seed-like fruit. Karyocyte (karyo-cyte): a cell that contains a nucleus. Karyochrome (karyo-chrome): a type of nerve cell in which the nucleus stains easily with dyes. Karyogamy (karyo-gamy): uniting of cell nuclei, as in fertilization. Karyokinesis (karyo-kinesis): division of the nucleus that occurs during the cell cycle phases of mitosis and meiosis. Karyology (karyo-logy): the study of the structure and function of the cell nucleus. Karyolymph (karyo-lymph): the aqueous component of the nucleus in which the chromatin and other nuclear components are suspended. Karyolysis (karyo-lysis): the dissolution of the nucleus that occurs during cell death. Karyomegaly (karyo-mega-ly): abnormal enlargement of the cell nucleus. Karyomere (karyo-mere): a vesicle containing a small portion of the nucleus, typically following abnormal cell division. Karyomitome (karyo-mitome): chromatin network within the cell nucleus. Karyon (karyon): the cell nucleus. Karyophage (karyo-phage): a parasite that engulfs and destroys the nucleus of a cell. Karyoplasm (karyo-plasm): the protoplasm of the nucleus of a cell; also known as nucleoplasm. Karyopyknosis (karyo-pyk-nosis): shrinkage of the cell nucleus that is accompanied by the condensation of chromatin during apoptosis. Karyorrhexis (karyo-rrhexis): stage of cell death in which the nucleus ruptures and disperses its chromatin throughout the cytoplasm. Karyosome (karyo-some): dense mass of chromatin in the nucleus of a non-dividing cell. Karyostasis (karyo-stasis): stage of the cell cycle, also known as interphase, where the cell undergoes a period of growth in preparation for cell division. This stage occurs between two successive divisions of the cell nucleus. Karyotheca (karyo-theca): double membrane that encloses the contents of the nucleus, also known as the nuclear envelope. Its outer portion is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum. Karyotype (karyo-type): an organized visual representation of the chromosomes in the cell nucleus arranged according to characteristics such as number, size, and shape.